Steps for
Teaching Reading to ESL Students
ESL Reading
Strategies
An effective
lesson plan teaching reading to ESL students, or EFL students, needs to have a
structure. Here's a set of steps you can use to prepare a lesson plan for
teaching reading skills.
Step 1:
Engage the student. The first step in teaching reading to ESL students is to
get the students warmed-up by engaging them in the topic of the reading
passage.
The purpose
of engaging the student is to introduce the theme or topic of the reading. The
student can be engaged, for example, by using visuals or a "warm-up"
conversation. If you use visuals, you can ask a question such as, "who do
you think lives here?" The ESL teacher should elicit responses from the
students. Remember that lessons should be student-focused, so the majority of
the talking should be done by the students.
Step 2:
Pre-teach new vocabulary. When preparing ESL reading activities, decide the
vocabulary (lexis) that is critical for the ESL learners to know to understand
the story. Decide how you will teach the new words or key words. You don't have
to teach every word that you think the student may not know, just those that
are critical to understanding the reading passage. This part of the lesson
shouldn't take too much time.
Step 3: Ask
a focus question. A lesson plan teaching reading to ESL students should have a
focus question. Write a question about a detail that is three-quarters of the
way through the text for ESL beginning reading exercises. For advanced level
ESL students, ask a "gist" question. This is something that the students
have to deduce from the reading passage. Be sure to write the focus question on
the board so that all students can see it.
Step 4: The
students read. Finally, the students read! Be sure to allow enough time for the
students to read the entire passage. You'll have to watch the students to see
how they are doing and when they're done. If one student is taking a
particularly long time, you may not need to wait until he or she finishes.
Step 5: Ask
questions about the reading. First, ask the students the focus question again.
In addition to the focus question, ask the students a few other questions about
the reading. If the students are unable to answer the questions, allow the
students to read the passage again.
Step 6:
Follow up with a task. A lesson plan teaching reading to ESL students should
always be followed up with a task. The task can be oral or written. This allows
the student to bring in his or her knowledge on the topic, and helps to
reinforce comprehension and the learning process.
Step 7
(optional): Follow up with an activity. If you have enough time (or too much
time left over!), you can include another ESL activity. This could be
additional writing practice or speaking practice. It's helpful to have a
specific activity built in to your lesson plan, but you can also be flexible.
If something comes up that the students seem particularly interested in, use
this topic for the students to write about or to continue with a conversation.
In addition
to teaching ESL reading comprehension, the ESL teacher can also use these ESL
reading strategies to teach grammar embedded in the reading passage.
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